The Conscious essays

The Conscious essays An altered state of consciousness is a mental state other than ordinary waking consciousness, such as sleep, meditation, hypnosis, or a drug-induced state. The alternate state of consciousness, sleep, is a necessary one. It is something that every living human must have to live. However, there are some alternate states of consciousness that are voluntary. Some of these are meditation, hypnosis, and drugs. Of these two alternate states, meditation interests me the most. The concentrative form of meditation is a group of techniques that involve focusing attention on an object, a word, ones breathing, or body movement in order to block out all distractions, to enhance well-being, and to achieve an altered state of consciousness. Some forms of meditation originated in Eastern religions and were used to attain a higher spiritual state. However, in the modern United States, those same forms are used as techniques to relax, and achieve other things. This alternate state of consciousness is voluntary, and so it is in contrast with sleep by that factor. Meditation is in contrast with hypnosis, because hypnosis is used to change thoughts, feelings, behavior, and a few other things. Hypnosis is also induced by another, a hypnotist; whereas, meditation is self-induced. Drugs are taken to deal with emotional or psychological problems, or simply for the thrill. This is not natural. So, since meditation is natural, it is also in contrast with a drug-induced state. I dont really understand how meditation works. I see that it is basically not thinking about anything else, but one thing. Concentrating on this one thing, takes away all the distractions in the world around the person who is meditating. However, I would like to see research done on all the different methods and the exact details of how they work. I would like to know the effects meditation has on people, both short...

Radical Shakespeare a new way of doing Shakespeare Essay

Radical Shakespeare a new way of doing Shakespeare - Essay Example e† and when used as a noun in terms of â€Å"a person who supports great social and political change.†2 Working from these definitions, it should not be surprising to learn that â€Å"radical theatre aims to make extreme changes in existing views, habits, conditions or institutions.†3 However, this simple definition is deceptive as the concept of radical theatre becomes much more complex in the various ways through which this alternative approach might be applied – whether by protest, aesthetic differences or through other forms of expression. In his pamphlet discussing the various forms of radical theatre, Richard Walsh identifies three distinct approaches to radical theatre that can be generally classified as aesthetics defining politics, politics defining aesthetics, and aesthetics obscuring politics – â€Å"the social and political dimensions of theatre were truncated to allow an exploration of the encounter between the theatrical medium and the individual perceiving mind.†4 This idea of the use of the term radical to describe the theatre can be best understood by examining the work of a radical director such as Peter Brook. Therefore, this essay will consider in which ways, and to what extent, the work of Peter Brook can be regarded as radical. In order to develop an understanding of the radical changes that Peter Brook and others brought to the stage, it is necessary to first have a concept of the world of theatre as it existed before Brook entered the scene. The commercial structure of early British post-war theatre was characterized by the classical teachings of the upper/middle classes who felt theatre should reflect a particular adherence to tradition. Coming out of the war, much of Britain’s mainstream theatre was dominated by the ideologies of a relative minority of commercial businesses who were merely seeking a profit rather than being overly concerned with any kind of artistic achievement. If a theatre company wished to garner the

Menu Selection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Menu Selection - Assignment Example Menu driven interfaces refer to interfaces which enable users to make interactions with computers or technological devices through menus, leading in a series of different screens. The various commands provided by the device enable the user to navigate through the devices and perform various desired functions. The aspect of communication remains the most essential element in ensuring an individual’s capacity to operate a computer or device. In enhancing communication, a dialogue must become established between the person and the device. Within a menu-driven interface dialogue with users becomes established through the information contained within the device, which provides options to users, from which to choose from (Ong & Tan, 2000). Upon the pressing of each button the device provides a predetermined response, subsequently displaying the next screen, as desired by the user. The dialogue element provides the user with different options regarding the services being sought. The device offers guidelines towards ensuring the user performs the desired function. The screens are designed in a sequence which leads the user towards achieving the desired purpose. The modern age has seen tremendous improvement in the utilization of menu driven interfaces among many technological devices. The increased utilization of these interfaces could be attributed to the following reasons Simplicity – menu driven interfaces remain relatively easy to utilize as individuals only have to follow prompts provided by the device. This makes it possible for individuals without previous knowledge of the device become able to use these devices (Gudur, Blackler, Popovic, & Mahar, 2013). All an individual requires in knowledge of the language which the interface communicates with, and following the commands. No commands – the users do not have to enter commands into the device to produce certain information. The use of commands requires

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Journal - Essay Example We also learnt about the audience of the story. The people who read stories and listen to stories are the audience. We learnt that good compositions are about things that the audience knows. Week Three During this week, I learnt about analysis. Analysis is looking for facts and issues that are presented in the composition. Analyses are important because they help us to understand the issues that the composition is writing about. This lesson was important because it helped me to get good skills of analyzing compositions and other writing in English. Week Four This week was important because I was tested on the skills of how to analyze something that I had read. It was an important week in the classroom. In this week I was able to write a paper from the article called â€Å"The Responsibility of Intellectuals, Redux.† I was interested in this article because I read it and understood what it was about. It was the first assignment of analyzing an article that was written in Englis h language. I was an important test which helped me to sharpen my analytical skills. During this week, I gained skills of analysis and summary. I was able to read articles written in English and then summarize them in my own words. It was an important task that helped my process of learning, reading, and writing. Week Five This week was important because I was taught about ethos, logos, and pathos. ... Ethos are the symbols which writers use when they want to explain something in their writing. Pathos are the things that writers use to convince the readers. Pathos use emotions to make meaning out of the various issues that writers use in their writings and articles. Many times, the use of these ethos and logos are brought about through articles and stories. I also learnt about logos. Logos are used when writers want to use facts and logic in in their articles and other writings. These week helped me to understand the way different writers use different methods for making meaning from various sources. I can also use ethos, logos and pathos to write stories and make meaning from them. Week Six During this week, I was able to learn about poetry. We learnt about poems and the way of reading and writing poems. We were taught the way the language used in poetry is different from the language that is used in other forms of writing. Usually, the writing process is important because it help s people to understand the use of language very well. I was able to write some poems and to read others. I was also able to analyze some poems that are generally brought within the element of writing. Week Seven During this week I was able to try and write about the things that I was taught in class. It was a week that helped me to practice my new skills. Week Eight This week was important because it helped me to understand poetry and the styles used in writing of poems. I was able to read about tone by looking at the words that were used in writing of the poem. I have developed the skills of writing about the things used in poems in ways that are creative and which respond to the challenges of everyday life. Week Nine During this week I was now able to practice

The European Union and the common European currency, the Euro Essay Example for Free

The European Union and the common European currency, the Euro Essay The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership of 27 nations with a citizenship base of 495 million persons. The EU functions through three bodies. The European Parliament which represents the people, the Council of the EU which represents the governments of the member states, and the European Commission which represents the common interests of the people and the governments. This operating method is called supra nationalism and is characterized by shared power among individual governments. One way the the EU accomplishes its goals is through the use of a common currency, the Euro. According to the European Commission website, the Euro was introduced in 1999 and is currently used by 15 member nations including, by order of adoption, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Finland, Greece, Slovenia, Cyprus, and Malta. The purpose of the Euro is to create a common market. Of the nations that have not adopted the Euro, two have been exempt by treaty (Denmark and United Kingdom). The others are newer EU member nations who have not met the requirements to adopt the common currency. Participating nations must adapt their fiscal and economic policies to mirror those of the EU. The Euro reduces trade barriers among member nations. It also facilitates and enhances international trade opportunities for member nations by reducing currency exchange costs and protecting member nations from fluctuations in currency values in the international market. For example, the Euro helps member nations to protect their economies from extreme fluctuations in international oil prices. Several nations purchasing oil in the common currency gives them greater negotiating power based on the amount of Euros invested in the oil markets.The Euro fosters a sense of European identity similar to how the American identity is common across 50 states along with the symbol of the U. S. dollar. Works Cited European Commission. The Euro. Economic and Financial Affairs. 23 Oct. 2008. http://ec. europa. eu/economy_finance/t he_euro/index_en. htm? cs_mid=2946. Panorama of the European Union. Europa. eu. 23 Oct. 2008. http://europa. eu/abc/panorama/index_e n. htm. Supra nationalism. Merriam Webster Online Dictionary. 23 Oct. 2008. http://mw1. m-w. com/dictionary/suprana tionalism.

Why Is English Considered a Global Language?

Why Is English Considered a Global Language? Abstract This project aims to show us why the English known as a global language and why other languages do not have this ability. Also introduce some other languages such as Chinese that can be replaced with English and their capability of being a global one. Key words: english , global , language , capability. Introduction We all are able to communicate freely with one language to people all around the world. A single language would help to reduce misunderstanding and miscommunication. People will need to learn this one world language, whichever that may be, but we will also never forget older languages completely. It means that we can use both of them at same time for the several reasons. We use our mother tongue in our country (home town) and use second language (global language) for communicate with people that don’t know anything about our mother tongue or for some other reason like job, travel, migration and †¦. . Global language A language is called a â€Å"global language† when it achieves the official position and education preference in every nation, that language will finally come to be used by more people than any other language. The essential reason to make a language global or international is the power of its people. The power includes the power of military, politic and economic. Military power, political power and economic power are the three essential factors to make a language global and to keep its status (Culpepper, 1997). What does the global language do? When a new language is introduced to new communities, and a new better life is achieved by the new language, it makes people prefer to use the language than their own language. In turn, the low frequency of using particular language may cause the language to disappear. This was true when English was introduced to academic life (Kaplan, 2000). If the language is no longer the key in communication, it will not live anymore. People will forget it. Many factors cause to the death of the languages that cannot known as global language like War, revolution, economic development or urbanization (Kaplan, 2000). But the development of some areas, like aviation, tourism and banking can be help to be as a global. English English is universal language. It is the worlds second native language, the formal language in 70 countries, and English-speaking countries are accountable for about 40% of worlds total GNP. English can be used everywhere with educated people around the world. It can be used in media, cinema, pop music, TV and †¦for anyone who knows English (Bond, Michael, 1751). From Old and Middle English, English was spoken early in the last one thousand years. Examples of language written at that time, such as the works of Chaucer (mid to late 1300s) are useful in supervising linguistic evolution over the last thousand years. In these works, often spellings will be indistinguishable, but once pronounced phonetically, are understandable to modern English speakers (Sapir, Edward, 1871). Why English is the Most Widely Used Language in the World? 1-Some people may disagree that â€Å"English is the world’s most important language.† It is definitely the world’s most widely used language. It is spoken by a number of people 800,000,000 by a conservative appraise 1,500,000,000 by a liberal appraise. It has official status in over 60 countries. 150 million people use English fluently as a foreign language. English is also the language of international air traffic control, and the principal language of world publishing, science and technology (Crystal 2001). 2- In the postcolonial world, English is often used outside the domestic area, discussions of the links between English and Anglo culture may even seem repulsive. Speakers of English—in Britain, the United States, and elsewhere—discussions of possible links between English and Anglo culture may also seem to be best avoided (Quirk et al. 1985). 3- English is also important in business. 84% of companies want English as a foreign language; only 32% require French (Felberbauer 1996). In the Austrian job market, English is pay heed to as a basic qualification; therefore not knowing English may be a conclusive deficit. In Austrian businesses which operate internationally the internal use of English is not so much a feature as it is in Scandinavia (Dension 1981). According to research conducted by Stockinger, secretaries, for instance, are expected to be able to hold telephone conversations in English while technicians have to be able to read technical literature in English (Stockinger 1995). The Significance of Learning English: English may not be spoken language in the worlds, but it is an official language in a large number of countries. It also very important for whom works in global workforce because English is the language of business in world, so it had become necessary for people to speak English. Another reason for learning English is that many of the worlds top films, music and books are published and produced in English. Therefore by learning English, you will be able to have a great understanding. And also most of the content produced on the internet is in English. So knowing English will allow you access amount of information which may not be otherwise available. Chinese The Chinese language is the oldest language in the world with six thousand years of history. Chinese character inscribing has been found in turtle shells dating back to the Shang dynasty(Reid, Thomas, 1890). Chinese phonetics is very complex, making the learning of the language a far more difficult role than learning English (Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie, 1937). The written language is a common form of communication. Even though people are not able to orally communicate in different district, they are able to understand each other in writing (Saltman, Michael, 1903). Chinese is already the most widely spoken language in the world, but that is because of the large population of China (Aleksandr, 2001). Chinese is not suspended to pass English as a global language. The Chinese economy is strong enough to raise the cause and popularity of its language, just like the English did. But, it is possible that China economy is a result of its ability to conform to others’ languages and way of work rather than the task of the Chinese language on other countries (Spevack, Marvin 1985). In business, Chinese is the most useful language like English. Transacting business matters using a common language is essential for camaraderie building but also for the speed and effectiveness of your negotiations (Thompson, 1998). France French represents different cultures around the world. It is used on five continents, in more than fifty countries. French is one of the six official languages of the United Nations and the official language of the Olympic Games (Vera. 2004). It provides the base for more than 50% of the modern English vocabulary, which improves presentation on standardized tests. French is supported by over 35 years of research and has been proven to be successful with students of all races, economic status and levels of English expertise (Quinn, Naomi. 2002). The importance of French has economic importance for major economies in the world, For example, French is the official global language of Canada, which performs major trade deals with the US. The knowledge of French for traders to such countries becomes all the more important (Jeremy. 1999). Being the second most taught language after English and having a readership and with the number of its students, French is absolutely the language to know these days. With English, French is the only other international language; being spoken in 5 continents (Steven. 2002).France has not lost its level of development in language. France is still a highly respected country, and still one of the top romantic languages in western civilization. The United Nations communicates have only two languages: French, and English. There are parts of Africa where French is still the native language, along with several islands. Test: I did a test on two groups. Group 1, who decided to learn English as second language Group 2, who decided to learn French as second language. I asked same question from two groups. Here are the questions and answers: Question 1: why are you choosing this language to learn? Group 1 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ we choose this language because it is an international language and is more important than other language to learn. Group 2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ because nowadays some other language such as French comes to high level in international position and it may know as global language instead of English. So we try to learn it to be modern and update with worlds language changing. Question 2: How much do you want learn this language? Do you want to learn just for being good at conversation or more than it? Group 1 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ No, not just for conversation. We try to use it in our daily life such as reading English books, articles and watching English movies. Looking for medicine news in the internet and †¦ Group 2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ yes actually we learn it to make conversation, greeting and understand what people say. Result à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ nowadays we choose language instead of English just because of communicating, making conversation and understanding what other says. But we choose English to learn for several important reasons. As I mentioned before, we use English to being able to surf the internet, read the international book and magazine, being aware of news around the world and †¦ Conclusion We result that it is no surprise that English is becoming the language for international communication. English is the most widely spoken language of the world because of the power the United States in economic and politic. English is the mother tongue of 380 million people, and it is used worldwide by the newspapers, magazines, scientists, businessmen, and politicians. One billion to 1.5 billion people around the world presently speak English. It is the most widely language in 70 countries (J. Draper. 1994).Globalization at the end of the twentieth century is occurring through the media, and technology, thus affecting languages worldwide (Sebesta , 1996). In my idea, languages have fallen and risen with the military and economic growth of a nation. Western culture has a large influence to keep it raise and use these power to impose the word for being as a global language. References STIG HJARVARD (2008). How the Media Contribute to the Spread of English. The Globalization of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. Nguyen Thuy Nga (2008). English A global language. Hanoi University press. Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 24 (2008) 260-266. Woody Allen (1968). Language is acquired, whining is learned. Second language acquisition. Harlow: Pearson. David Crystal (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge university press Zuliati Rohmah (2000). English as a global language. Tierney, J (2009). Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. The myth of language universals. 32, 429–492 Jean Aitchison (2001).progress or decay? Language change. Bambridge: Cambridge university press (2001).5, 3-20 Danie Spich tinger (2003). The Spread of English and its Appropriation. Wien university press. (2003). Cornelia Hamann (1986). How Language comes universal. Language Acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language 33, 19-38. Pinker, S. Bloom, P. (1990). Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral  And Brain Sciences 13 (4): 707à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 784.

Argumentative Essay: The Dangerous Expansion of Federal Power :: overextension of federal power

In 1995, there was great consternation when the Supreme Court ruled that carrying a gun near a school was not interstate commerce. On May 15, 2000, there was great consternation when the Supreme Court ruled that rape was not interstate commerce. It is a sign of how twisted the law has become that each of these common sense rulings was by a narrow 5 to 4 majority. While the 1995 case involved a federal law against carrying a gun within a certain distance of a school, this year's case involved a woman suing two men for rape under a federal law. Neither case was about whether the law was good or bad. The cases were about Constitutional limits on the powers of the federal government -- and all our freedoms depend upon maintaining those limits. The feds have been getting around the Constitutional limits by claiming to be regulating interstate commerce. But the Supreme Court didn't buy it. Rape is already illegal in every state. What the recent ruling said in effect was: You are in the wrong courthouse, lady. Sue those so-and-so's in the state courthouse down the street. State courts have the power to do everything up to and including executing people, so sending a case to a state court is no wrist slap. Why does it matter whether a case is tried in a federal court or a state or local court? It matters because a concentration of power is dangerous. The people who wrote the Constitution of the United States understood that -- and feared that -- even if too many of us today do not. The familiar division of federal power among the President, the Congress and the Supreme Court was just the beginning. The Constitution also made it possible to impeach anybody who abused his power. In addition, the crucial 10th Amendment to the Constitution said that the federal government had the power to do only what it was specifically authorized to do, while the people or the states could do whatever they were not specifically forbidden to do. This was understood for about 150 years. Then, during the heady days of the New Deal, the federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce was stretched to include virtually anything that the politicians in Washington chose to regulate. In one case, the federal government's agricultural laws were applied to a man who grew his own food in his own backyard.