Medical Marijuana Dispensaries Claiming Non-Profit Status for Profit Essays

Medical Marijuana Dispensaries Claiming Non-Profit Status for Profit Essays Medical Marijuana Dispensaries Claiming Non-Profit Status for Profit Essay Medical Marijuana Dispensaries Claiming Non-Profit Status for Profit Essay Medical Marijuana Dispensaries Claiming Non-Profit Status for Net income I. Introduction/Background The usage of marihuana as medicine alternatively of entirely for recreational intents is far from absurd in today s society. Marijuana is being used to handle all times of wellness issues and jobs. Some of these issues include epilepsy in kids, glaucoma, catamenial spasms, megrim concerns, and the list goes on. Medical marihuana has become a human dynamo subject in a sense. Many provinces have decided to legalise the sale and usage of marihuana, and this has caused the issue to turn daily on a national graduated table. Many unfavorable judgments go along with this new age doctrine, and whether they be good or bad this subject is an on-going issue. Many provinces have imposed Torahs sing the usage of medical marihuana. Most people, including myself before researching this subject, cognize nil about as to how this freshly developing industry really works. And, I decidedly had no hint that medical marihuana dispensaries are registering as non-profit organisations in order to derive net income. Non-profit organisations are one of the chief sectors in the field of public disposal. Public decision makers are frequently in charge of the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours agendas for this organisations, whether it be organisational, fiscal, or strategic planning. Typically, non-profits are charitable organisations within our communities. Harmonizing to a Cornell University article that explains the kineticss of the non-profit sector, Non-profit organisations include churches, public schools, public charities, public clinics and infirmaries, political organisations, legal assistance societies, voluntary services organisations, labour brotherhoods, professional associations, research institutes, museums, and some governmental bureaus ( Cornel Legal Information Institute ) . Yes, medical marihuana dispensaries are being classified as non-profit good and service organisations. To understand why this is an issue, it must be understood what it means to be a non-profit organisat ion. A non-profit organisation is a group organized for intents other than bring forthing net income and in which no portion of the organisation s income is distributed to its members, managers, or officers ( Cornel LII ) . The job that arises is that proprietors are utilizing the non-profit sector as a agency to derive net income. This being because they so are able to go exempt of some of the countenances and revenue enhancements that would be imposed if they were merely run as a regular dispensary. By registering as a non-profit organisation, dispensary proprietors are doing utmost sums of money, merely as a drug trader would on the street. The inquiry so is whether or non dispensaries should be allowed to register as non-profit to avoid revenue enhancements on their ware. II. Medical Marijuana as a Non-Profit Resource The major statute law that trades with the revenue enhancements imposed on drug dispensaries in entitled 280E. In the article The Federal Government is Taxing Marijuana Businesses to Death, subdivision 280E is explained as: Section 280E was originally passed in 1982 to forestall drug traders from subtracting disbursals related to the trafficking of schedule1 or 2 substances, including marihuanas, from their federal revenue enhancements. But in recent old ages the IRS has used subdivision 280E to travel after state-legal marihuana concerns, since they technically deal in a agenda 1 substance, the federal authorities s strictest categorization for an illegal drug ( Lopez, 2014 ) . This has put many dispensaries out of concern, which is why many are now seeking to register as non-profits. They are being badly over taxed and are non seeing any net income in the gross revenues of their merchandises, but there is a manner around this route block. That manner is non-profit position. In an article published in the Iowa Law Review by Benjamin Lett, we are given insight into the grounds as to why dispensaries are make up ones minding to take this path alternatively of registering as a regular dispensary. The article proposes a revenue enhancement scheme for dispensary traders to avoid 280E by registering as a non-profit ( Lett, 2014, p. 2 ) . The IRS has antecedently acknowledged that fact that a dispensary can non register for 501 ( degree Celsius ) ( 3 ) position because under it a charity can non hold intents that are contrary to jurisprudence ( Lett, 2014, p. 2 ) . But, the loophole is that they can acquire off with registering for 501 ( degree Celsius ) ( 4 ) und er a societal public assistance organisation ( Lett, 2014, p. 3 ) To measure up as a  § 501 ( degree Celsius ) ( 4 ) organisation, a marihuana marketer would hold to run into four statutory demands: ( 1 ) It must hold a proper tax-free intent ( 2 ) It must non administer its net incomes to any private individuals ( 3 ) It must avoid inordinate campaign-related political activity ( 4 ) It must non run in an excessively commercial mode ( Lett, 2014, p.3 ) In his program, Lett ( 2014 ) proposes that, a marihuana marketer could run to progress the intent of bettering a vicinity s societal and economic conditions by supplying occupation preparation, employment chances, and enhanced concern conditions for commercial development in the vicinity ( p. 7 ) . This manner all financess would be intended to better the societal state of affairs of the country in which the dispensary is located. In this sense dispensaries would be runing in the same revenue enhancement footings of occupation just organisations, wellness carnivals, or anything that strives to better the economic sciences of the country. Equally long as the dispensary is located in a hapless community so they can run under 501 ( degree Celsius ) ( 4 ) position. This is controversial because the purpose of the financess is clearly celebrated, but where do the financess really travel? All that is necessary to run into the demands of 501 ( degree Celsius ) ( 3 ) and 501 ( degree Cel sius ) ( 4 ) is a group of people who moderately believe that their proposed activities credibly advance their proper tax-free intents. The jurisprudence does non necessitate any specific degree of cogent evidence that such activities would hold the desired consequence ( Lett, 2014, p. 8 ) III. Resistance of Medical Marijuana as a Non-Profit Resource Medical marihuana dispensaries try difficult to keep the visual aspect that they are non-profit-making wellness centres. Customers are referred to as â€Å"patients, † and ware as â€Å"medicine.† Yoga categories are frequently available, along with health-related literature ( Elinson, 2011 ) . A major job is that a medical marihuana dispensary is non a doctor’s office or a wellness nutrient shop as they are being portrayed. While mentioning to the marihuana as medical specialty seems to be working, this is non wholly true because marihuana has non been approved by the Federal Drug Administration ( FDA ) . Harmonizing to this extract taken from the FDA web site: The FDA has non approved any merchandise containing or derived from botanical marihuana for any indicant. This means that the FDA has non found any such merchandise to be safe or effectual for the intervention of any disease or status. The FDA will go on to ease the work of companies interested in suitably conveying safe, effectual, and quality merchandises to market, including scientifically-based research refering the medicative utilizations of marihuana. ( FDA, 2014 ) Zusha Elinson ( 2011 ) , of the New York Times, writes that, â€Å"The rivers of hard currency flowing in and out of these concerns are pulling examination from local and federal governments who say they are seeking to separate between legitimate wellness practicians and Sellerss of illegal drugs. In San Jose, California constabularies have taken to busting some of these supposed community profiting medical marihuana dispensaries. Frank Carrubba, the deputy territory lawyer in Santa Clara County, stated that, â€Å"We’re seeking to acquire to a point where we can weed out – for deficiency of a better word – to filtrate out the people that are truly corrupting this jurisprudence merely to sell drugs† ( Elinson, 2011 ) . In one of the foraies, Carrubba said that, â€Å"One leger, kept at the bantam dispensary, showed New Age Healing losing $ 123,128 since May, harmonizing to the constabulary. Another, which the constabulary said had been discovered inside a cash-filled shoe box in the place of the twosome that operated the centre, told a different narrative: $ 222,238 in net incomes ( Elinson, 2011 ) . This is merely information from one of the many foraies that have occurred in San Jose. San Jose has 98 dispensaries entirely, which is four times the figure of A ; -Eleven convenience shops in the metropolis ( Elinson, 2011 ) . District Attorney James Fox, of San Mateo County, provinces, â€Å"Dispensaries functioning 100s of patients are barely non-profit co-ops. Can you explicate to me any difference between these dispensaries and Safeway shops? These agriculturists are doing money. They’re non non-profit organisations ( Manekin, 2007 ) . This clearly shows that the net incomes are being unregistered and kept personally by the dispensary proprietors. The jurisprudence clearly states that the fundss must be distributed or donated for good and non maintain for net income. So how is it legal for dispensary proprietors to be able to acquire around the jurisprudence? Technically it’s non, but they are utilizing this revenue enhancement loophole to their advantage. That’s why so much contention has arose from their seeking to crush the system and registry as non-profit organisations. IV. An Appraisal of Each Side My analysis of these dispensaries favors the resistance of medical marihuana being marketed as a non-profit good. I am in no manner excusing or O.K.ing of the usage of medical marihuana, and my analysis is purely based on the legal point of view on both sides. On one side we have a strategic program, and the other the recoil that occurs from following it. I will acknowledge that the dislocation of the program and the coverage of all the Immigration and Naturalization Services and outs is a good 1. But, it still requires dispensary proprietors to publicize their goods and services as something they are non. Marijuana is so non lawfully classified as a medicine, and dispensary proprietors are decidedly non physicians or licensed medicine distributers. So, they are willing to flex the truth merely to state that they are recommending for the wellness and health of the communities in which they are located. From my research I have concluded that even though there has been a on the job loophole in the system found, it does non do it right. I would sort these dispensaries registering for non-profit position and pocketing the net incomes as fraud. The deceitful activity comes in where proprietors have been discovered to be beliing financess, and concealing financess for their personal benefit. I think the foraies are really an effectual maneuver to weed out the dispensaries that are misapplying the non-profit sector to their advantage. It was interesting see review the Numberss for the information that was provided for New Age Healing, in contrast to the existent net income records that were kept hidden. They were lying to the IRS stating that they lost 100,000 plus dollars, when they really gained 200,000 plus in net income. Net income that was neer theirs to pocket in the first topographic point, harmonizing to the Torahs of which they registered for 501 ( degree Celsius ) ( 4 ) position . V. Conclusion In decision, I think that if medical marihuana dispensaries are traveling to be allowed to register under non-profit position, so their fundss and investings sound be continually monitored to see that they are staying within the kingdom of the jurisprudence. This would be difficult to make unless a undertaking force was formed that focused specifically on this affair. But, marijuana whether medical or non still has a bad repute, irrespective of its being legalized or non. Peoples are taking advantage of the drug and seeking to obtain medical cards for minor nutriments in order to utilize it recreationally. This in a sense still makes the dispensary proprietors recreational drug organisations. While marihuana is being proven to relieve symptoms of some major jobs, it would non be such an issue if so many people did non seek and mistreat it. This maltreatment puts a load on those who are earnestly ill that it is really profiting. During my surveies in chase of a Public Administration grade, here at the University, I have taken a great involvement in the country of non-profit organisations. Public decision makers are trained to supervise and pull off all facets of the public universe, including non-profit organisations. I so inquire the inquiry of who is in charge these so called wellness advocating centres. Have these proprietors been trained to cover with and administrate the populace? Have they been trained how to distribute and put the fundss of these organisations? The reply is likely no. Having this be such a large affair within the non-profit sector besides, in my sentiment, puts force per unit area on other organisations. If people are happening ways to do dispensaries seem good to society, so what other things are really being portrayed as something else? I am interested to see if any new statute law is issued to turn to this turning issue in the coming old ages. Should medical marihuana dispensaries be allowed to utilize non-profit position to do a personal net income? In my sentiment, no, they should non. VI. Mentions Elinson, Z. ( 2011, January 8 ) . Marijuana Dispensaries Are Confronting New Scrutiny. Retrieved February 14, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/us/09bcharborside.html? pagewanted=all A ; _r=0 Leff, B. ( 2014 ) . Tax Planing for Marijuana Dealers. Iowa Law Review, 99 ( 523 ) . Retrieved February 14, 2015, from University Academic Search Premiere Lopez, G. ( 2014, November 17 ) . The federal authorities is taxing marijuana concerns to decease. Retrieved February 14, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vox.com/2014/11/17/7210705/marijuana-legalization-280E Manekin, M. ( 2007, September 11 ) . San Mateo County may modulate pot dispensaries. Inside Bay Area, from University Lexis Nexis Academic Non-profit organisations. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved February 14, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.law.cornell.edu/wex/non-profit_organizations U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved February 14, 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm421168.htm # Q2

Balochistan Conflict - Essay

The movement gained momentum during the 1960s, and amid consistent political disorder, the government ordered a military operation into the region in 1973, assisted by Iran, and inflicted heavy casualties on the separatists. The movement was largely quelled after the imposition of martial law in 1977, after which Baluchistan witnessed significant development. After insurgency groups again mushroomed in the 1990s and 2000s, the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and the war in North-West Pakistan exacerbated the conflict, most recently manifested in the killings of non-Baloch settlers in the province by separatists since 2006. Background:- 1. First conflict 1948 (led by Prince Abdul Karim Khan) In April 1948, Baloch nationalists claim that the central government sent the Pakistan army, which allegedly forced Mir Ahmed Yar Khan to give up his state, Kalat. Kalat was a landlocked British protectorate that comprised roughly 22%–23% of Baluchistan. Mir Ahmed Yar Khan signed an accession agreement ending Kalats de facto independence. His brother, Prince Abdul Karim Khan, was a powerful governor of a section of Kalat, a position that he was removed from after accession. He decided to initiate an insurgency against Pakistan. On the night of May 16, 1948 Prince Abdul Karim Khan initiated a separatist movement against the Pakistani government. He conducted guerrilla warfare based in Afghanistan against the Pakistan army. 2. Second conflict 1958–59 (led by Nawab Nowroz Khan) Nawab Nowroz Khan took up arms in resistance to the One Unit policy, which decreased government represenation for tribal leaders. He and his followers started a guerrilla war against Pakistan. Nowroz Khan and his followers were charged with treason and arrested and confined in Hyderabad jail. Five of his family members (sons and nephews) were subsequently hanged under charges of aiding murder of Pakistani troops and treason. Nawab Nowroz Khan later died in captivity. 3. Third conflict 1963–69 (led by Nawab Khair Baksh Marri) After the second conflict, the Federal government sent the Army to build new military bases in the key conflict areas of Baluchistan in order to resist further chaos. Nawab Khair Baksh marri appointed an unknow shero marri to lead like-minded militants in guerrilla warfare by creating their own insurgent bases spread out over 45,000 miles (72,000 km) of land, from the Mengal tribal area in the south to the Marri and Bugti tribal areas in the north. Their goal was to force Pakistan to share revenue generated from the Sui gas fields with the tribal leaders. The insurgents bombed railway tracks and ambushed convoys. The Army retaliated by destroying vast areas of the Marri tribes land. This insurgency ended in 1969 and the Baloch separatists agreed to a ceasefire. Yahya Khan abolished the One Unit policy. This eventually led to the recognition of Baluchistan as the fourth province of West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan) in 1970, containing all the Baluchistani princely states, the High Commissioners Province and Gwadar, an 800 km2 coastal area purchased by the Pakistani Government from Oman. 4. Fourth conflict 1973–77 (led by Nawab Khair Baksh Marri) Citing treason, President Bhutto dismissed the provincial governments of Baluchistan and NWFP and imposed martial law in those provinces. Dismissal of the provincial governments led to armed insurgency. Khair Bakhsh Marri formed the Baluchistan People’s Liberation Front (BPLF), which led large numbers of Marri and Mengal tribesmen into guerrilla warfare against the central government. According to some authors, the Pakistani military lost 300 to 400 soldiers during the conflict with the Balochi separatists, while between 7,300 and 9,000 Balochi militants and civilians were killed. 5. Fifth conflict 2004 – to date (led by Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti and Mir Balach Marri) In 2005, the Baluch political leaders Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti and Mir Balach Marri presented a 15-point agenda to the Pakistan government. Their stated demands included greater control of the provinces resources and a Moratorium on the construction of military bases. On 15 December 2005, Inspector-General of Frontier Corps Maj Gen Shujaat Zamir Dar and his deputy Brig Salim Nawaz (the current IGFC) were wounded after shots were fired at their helicopter in Baluchistan province. The provincial interior secretary later said that both of them were wounded in the leg but both are in stable condition. The two men had been visiting Kohlu, about 220 km (135 miles) south-east of Quetta, when their aircraft came under fire. The helicopter landed safely. In August 2006, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti, 79 years old, was killed in fighting with the Pakistan Army in which at least 60 Pakistani soldiers and 7 officers were killed. He was charged by Pakistans government of a series of bomb blasts, killings of the people he professed to protect and the rocket attack on the President Pervez Musharraf. In April 2009, Baloch National Movement president Ghulam Mohammed Baloch and two other nationalist leaders (Lala Munir and Sher Muhammad), were seized from a small legal office and were allegedly handcuffed, blindfolded and hustled into a waiting pickup truck which is in still use of intelligence forces in front of their lawyer and neighboring shopkeepers. The gunmen were allegedly speaking in Persian (a national language of neighboring Afghanistan and Iran) Five days later on April 8 their bodies, riddled with bullets were found in a commercial area. The BLA claims Pakistani forces were behind the killings, though international experts have deemed it odd that the Pakistani forces would be careless enough to allow the bodies to be found so easily and light Baluchistan on fire (Herald) if they were truly responsible. The discovery of the bodies sparked â€Å"rioting and weeks of strikes, demonstrations and civil resistance in cities and towns around Baluchistan. On August 12, 2009, Khan of Kalat Mir Suleiman Dawood declared himself ruler of Baluchistan and formally made announcement of a Council for Independent Baluchistan. The Councils claimed domain includes Baloch of Iran, as well as Pakistani Baluchistan, but does not include Afghani Baloch regions,and the Council contains all separatist leaders including Nawabzada Bramdagh Bugti. He claims that the UK had a moral responsibility to raise the issue of Baluchistan’s illegal occupation at international level. Alleged Foreign Support for Baluch rebels Pakistan has repeatedly accused India, and occasionally the U. S. , of supporting the Baluch rebels in order to destabilize the country. India has however categorically denied the allegations on its part, stating that no concrete evidence has been provided. The facts are controversial, but Pakistan still continues to insist. Iran has repeatedly accused America of supporting Jundullah. After his capture, Jundullah leader Abdulmalek Rigi confirmed these allegations. The US has however denied this. However, neutral observers have repeatedly noted that the Baloch nationalist groups are poorly-trained in military tactics and strategy, and are currently outgunned by the Pakistani state. The groups are mainly armed with small non-automatic weapons and AK-47s, which are widely available in Pakistan, and they currently are not skilled at using Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), which is seen as strong circumstantial evidence that they are not supported by outside powers, contrary to the repeated statements of the Pakistani state. Baluchi rebels in Pakistan are said to receive major support from the Taliban in Afghanistan. In the 1980s the CIA, the Iraqi Intelligence Service, Pakistani Sunni extremist group Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan and the Mujahedin e-Kalq all supported a Baluchi tribal uprising against Iran. Pakistan has also accused India of giving citizenship to senior Balouch SeparatistSelig S. Harrison of the George Soros funded Center for International Policy has been calling for dividing Pakistan and supporting an independent Baluch province as a means to thwart growing relations between Islamabad and Beijing, as Pakistan has given China a base at Gwadar. These views have been separately promoted by Ralph Peters, an zionist strategic affairs analyst and former U. S. Army officer, and an expert on the Middle East and the Islamic world. Projects in Baluchistan Saindak Copper Gold Project: Saindak Copper-Gold Mine is located in Saindak town, district Chaghi Baluchistan, Pakistan. The discovery of copper deposits at Saindak was made in the 1970s in collaboration with a Chinese engineering firm. The Saindak Copper-Gold Project was set up by Saindak Metals Ltd, a company wholly owned by the government of Pakistan, by the end of 1995 at a cost of Rs. 13. 5 billion. Pakistan and China signed a formal contract worth $350 million for development of Saindak Copper-Gold Project.The court must now haul up senior officers of the FC to explain the role it is playing in Baluchistan. However, the Supreme Court alone cannot solve Baluchistan’s problems. The utter lack of confidence the Baloch have in the army and the federal government requires much greater action. Separatist sentiment is now running deep in the province and the provincial government lacks legitimacy because most political figures have boycotted mainstream p olitics. Bringing them back into the fold should be an immediate priority. This would require the army to recede and take a low profile, and an accounting of all those who went missing in the province. Following that, a far greater share in the spoils of Baluchistan’s economic development needs to be given to locals. From the development of a deep-sea port in Gwadar to royalties in mining projects, the Baloch feel they have been deliberately cheated out of profits from their resources. Only after this is rectified, will the separatist parties begin to tone down their

Financial Reporting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Reporting - Research Paper Example e we need to distinguish between cash and profits, and to determine the usefulness of information provided in balance sheet and income statements in the problem of deciding whether a company, has or will be able to generate sufficient cash to finance its operations. Cash flow in a company leads to the following items; Cash from cash in cash out cash goes: Profits Losses Sale of fixed assets Purchase of fixed assets Decrease in stock increase in stock Decrease in debtors increase in debtors Capital introduced drawings Received loan Paid loans Increase in creditors Decrease in creditors Dividend received Dividend paid Interest received Interest paid In our case, profit from operations before interest and tax of 1654 has overstated profits. We need to deduct interest and tax to get the real value of profit after tax and interest. An increase in inventories reduces cash balance as well as increase in trade receivables. Depreciation is an expense charged on the asset. It does not affect cash balance in the firm. An increase in trade payables increases cash inflow. This gives a balance from operations of 1377. Interest paid and income tax paid reduces cash balance too. At the end of the day, net cash from operating activities is overstated by depreciation and profit before tax and interest. A company's performance are realistical and do not depend so much on profits earned in the period but on liquidity of cashflows International Accounting Standards 7 "provides information to users of financial statements about cashflows of a company. It provides information on ability of the company to generate cash and cash equivalents. It also indicated cash needs for the enterprise. The standards provides that cash...Depreciation is an expense charged on the asset. It does not affect cash balance in the firm. An increase in trade payables increases cash inflow. This gives a balance from operations of 1377. Interest paid and income tax paid reduces cash balance too. At the end of the day, net cash from operating activities is overstated by depreciation and profit before tax and interest. A company's performance are realistical and do not depend so much on profits earned in the period but on liquidity of cashflows International Accounting Standards 7 "provides information to users of financial statements about cashflows of a company. It provides information on ability of the company to generate cash and cash equivalents. It also indicated cash needs for the enterprise. The standards provides that cash needs for the activities, investing activities and financing activities" These are accounts of two companies that are combined into one account. This happens when one firm acquires one or more other companies. This is mainly for a business combination a company acquires control of one or more enterprises. They combine into one entity as a whole therefore profit and loss accounts are combined into one. This is where o

The Concept of Using Project Management Research Paper

The Concept of Using Project Management - Research Paper Example As far as HLR Inc. is concerned, the project that it is planning to launch is named Standard Customer Relationship Management Processes. The major objectives of this project are to do a thorough re-engineering of all business processes by radically changing the way they are done and by unlearning how they were done in the first place. The second objective is to have the implementation of a large system, which will translate manual processes into faster, reliable and accurate computerized processes. Stakeholders are all those people who are concerned about the activities of the organization and have vested interests in whatever is going on within the organization and regarding the organization. The major stakeholder for this project will be many. Let us discuss each one. The first stakeholders will be customers. The departments that have been integrated to make this project successful are Sales, Product Fulfillment, Customer Service, Billing and Marketing. All these departments, direc tly or indirectly, are interacting with the customer and the successful completion of this project would mean better serving the customers as the system implementation would help in getting the data more integrated into place and opportunities to keep the customer satisfied will be better grasped. The integration of all the different information systems of each department into one single information system would quicken the process of saving or updating customer-related data, whether it is editing the customer's postal address or taking the order quickly. The second stakeholders would be all the departments themselves who are involved in the project.

Essay Comparing Brave New World and The Giver -- comparison compare co

Comparing Brave New World and The Giver    When one examines the similarities between Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and The Giver by Lois Lowry, they may be baffled. They may think that Lowry just did a run off of Huxley's highly successful masterpiece. The similarities are extraordinary, but so are their differences. Many aspects of these novels are almost identical while others are completely foreign to each other. Both of these novels feature structured societies, but the societies are not the same. In Brave New World, there are no families or definite partners, but neither society believes in love or true family. The Giver has no specific caste system, but the members of their community do not have control of their own future; that is left to the elders of the community. Lastly are Jonas and John. They are basically the main characters and both endure severe inner troubles, but are they similar enough to make the novels similar?    In Brave New World, there is definitely a caste system of community members. Each level of society keeps to themselves. They work and live according to how they were conditioned. They do not have a certain ordinance on manners or behavior; they are promiscuous and, for the most part, outgoing. The characters in Brave New World do not know the meaning of the word love. They do not have the slightest inkling of what it is like to have a family; the ideas of parents and childbirth repulse them. The Giver has a society that believes in having families for stability, but they do not believe in love. The word is broad and meaningless. When Jonas asked his parents if they loved him, they laughed and told him to be more specific because language is everything. Do they enjoy him? Yes.... ...ves, and to my interpretation, dies. Both John and Jonas were not mentally equipped to handle the situations they were confronted with.    While many may not observe the similarities or differences in Brave New World and The Giver, they are quite obvious. While one society is repulsed at the past, the other simply erases it from memory and it is never spoken of. Neither society believes in love or family, but there are subtle differences in their beliefs. While The Giver has no definite caste system, they have certain procedures for levels of society. John and Jonas are similar characters who are confronted with inner turmoil and find their own way out. Brave New World and The Giver are wonderful works of art that are extremely close in storylines. Whether one believes that they are similar or different, it must be said that the resemblances are almost scary.

Pygmalion Poetry Deconstruction

Poetry Deconstruction: The Story of Pygmalion and the Statue (1713 translation) The poem â€Å"The Story of Pygmalion and the Statue† was originally written in Greek by Ovid, and is found in Book Ten of his work, Metamorphoses. It was translated into English in 1713, and this translation employs techniques to appeal to the readers of the day, and reveals their views on a variety of topics, including obsession and narcissism. Pygmalion, a sculptor, shunned all women for their frivolity, instead turning to his art. He created a sculpture out of ivory of a woman so perfect that he grew to love her, and wished for his ‘ivory virgin’ to be real. The goddess granted his secret desire, and blessed the couple with a son. The readership of the poem would have consisted predominately of eighteenth century upper class males, so the poem is, in many parts, structured to interest this group of individuals. The eighteenth century gentleman would have identified with the line â€Å"Well pleas’d to want a consort of his bed†, as a mistress was the only thing that was not provided instantly for them. Pygmalion, a man who is able to function without this, would have been held in high esteem by the reader, and perhaps would have inspired them to follow his example in being independent. The line, â€Å"Yet fearing idleness, the nurse of ill†, shows the society of the time’s attitude towards inactivity, in that it is, or leads to, a sickness. This metaphor relates to the saying, ‘idle hands are the devil’s playthings’, which would have been the view of the community at the time of the translation. Another quote that shows the opinion of the people of the eighteenth century is â€Å"the pow’rful bribes of love†, indicating that love could be bought. In 1713, this would not have been an oxymoron, as many married someone to gain their wealth, making this statement ring true to the eighteenth century reader. The poet also refers to the birth of Pygmalion and the statue’s child, as a way that they â€Å"crown their bliss†. This metaphor signifies a very happy ending, especially to the gentleman reader, as procreation was a very important issue; an heir was necessary. Note also that the child is male. This engineers a perfect close to the story of Pygmalion. ‘Crown’ could also be a symbol of the patriarchal values present, as it was rare for a woman to rule (wear the crown). A question to pose it what the eighteenth century gentleman thought of Pygmalion’s obsessive nature and narcissism. The fact that he â€Å"Abhorr’d all womankind† makes it appear as if he thinks he is above women, as he has lumped them all into the same, generalised bracket, including those who do not follow the lifestyle choices he disapproves of. The alliteration used in â€Å"loathing their lascivious life† emphasises Pygmalion’s misogyny, and therefore his very high opinion of himself. His narcissistic nature is further explored through the use personification; â€Å"Nature could not with his art compare†. Here, he is praising his own amazing skill for creating something better than Nature, or God, could make. The line â€Å"Pleas’d with his idol†, reminds on of Genesis, where God is pleased with himself after he creates the world. Pygmalion is comparing himself to God, revealing his large ego. The poet delves into his obsessive nature with the caesura in the line, â€Å"he commends, admires, Adores;† forcing the readers to pause and examine the depth of Pygmalion’s obsession towards the statue of his creation, and by extension, himself. This is emphasised again in the repetition in the lines â€Å"And all the sparkling stones †¦ and od’rous green†. The word ‘and’ is repeated five times in these four lines, highlighting the excessiveness of his gift giving and his over the top behaviour. Due to the positive finish, where Pygmalion’s ‘bliss is crowned’ with the birth of a son, and the lack of consequences for his terribly high opinion of himself, one might conclude that over-extravagant pride was considered commonplace in the eighteenth century, and obsessiveness was not considered unhealthy, perhaps because it served to combat idleness. The various ideas in the poem support this. The translation of â€Å"The Story of Pygmalion and the Statue† effectively utilises techniques and devices in order to appeal to its readership, the upper class gentleman of 1713 and onward. 715 words

Theories And Theories Of Development - 996 Words

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